With the global movement of people and information, multi-cultural societies across Asia and Europe are facing threats to social cohesion and the peaceful coexistence of harmonious societies from the rise of exclusivist or even violent extremist ideologies. Of particular concern are those allegedly based on beliefs, faith or ethnicity. This is the case even in the historically plural societies of Southeast Asia. In Europe, the trend of religious diversification is further complicated by a parallel process to disengage religion away from the public realm, contributing to a growing divide between faith-based groups and other segments of society.